Typology of Beauty and the Beast (2025)

Archetypes in fantasy fiction: a study of J. R. R. Tolkien and J. K. Rowling

Language In India, 2014

This is to certify that the thesis entitled "Archetypes in Fantasy Fiction: A Study of J. R. R.Tolkien and J. K. Rowling" submitted to the Bharathiar University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English is a record of original research work done by Ms. Shobha Ramaswamy during the

Challenging the Archetypes: Re-visitation of Fairy Tales

2020

This study aims to highlight how the revisited American fairytale movies shun the archetypal symbols, characters and situations of the previous fairy tales. The researcher analyzes the new set of norms that are proposed by the postmodernists, which are positioned to shun the metanarratives and work against totality by waging war against it (Lyotard 71-82). The perspective in doing so is to find out the changes in the original stories which have challenged the collective unconsciousness. Collective Unconscious, according to Jung, are the unconscious feelings present among human beings as species. They are universally present in every man's psyche, and the unconscious of man has some primal images, which are depicted through symbols. These symbols are not limited to any particular culture or history (Four Archetypes 4). Jung calls the contents of the collective unconscious the "archetypes" (4). Postmodernists have challenged the archetypal patterns stated by the philosop...

“What Man Am I?” The Hero’s Journey, the Beginning of Individuation, and Taran Wanderer

2019

Norman Holland's entreaty to refocus psychoanalysis toward self-knowledge animates this study. Focusing on Lloyd Alexander's Taran Wanderer (part of the Chronicles of Prydain), the novel's location at the crossroads of human psychological development and myth is examined using Jung's concept of individuation and Campbell's Hero's Journey in order to extract an underlying thematic question. The lessons learned from answering this question, in turn, teach us more about ourselves, illustrating the value of psychoanalysis both to the study of mythopoeic literature and to ourselves. Additional

ARCHETYPAL STUDY OF SANTAL FOLKTALES

tribhuvan university,nepal, 2017

I have studied the santal folktale using the concept of jung,frye,and campbell.i explore the archetypal motifs in selected santal folktale of santal pargana,india and jhapa district of nepal.i also collected some folktale and creation myth of santal popular in jhapa, ,nepal.

Developing English Language Teaching Metaphorical Associative Cards (ELTMAC): Complete Report

Humanizing Language Teaching, 2019

This is a report on action research that develops story cards for ELT based on Jungian archetypes, and empirical research demonstrating improvement in narrative writing versus textbook and PowerPoint taught groups. Improvement may be due to how ELTMAC games can benefit English language learning: Jungian researchers finding improved language memory in tests with archetypal metaphorical associative cards is corroborated. The cards are scalable to learner level; the 59 cards can be named with the most frequent English words. Recent MRI studies support Jung’s claim that archetypes are universal neural structures; ELTMAC therefore transcends intercultural boundaries and accesses language parts of the brain. The cards are based on fairytale, i.e. European folklore; as both English and fairytales originating in the Bronze Age Indo-European dispersal, the game imparts cultural competence via Whorfian synergy. Story helps us understand ourselves; hence ELTMAC develops L2 identity. Fairytale confronts the realities of life, allowing meaningfulness to reemerge in ELT classrooms where commercial or social-political forces are censoring it. And, narrative card games are adaptable to broad uses.

Concepts of myth and ritual, and criticism of Shakespeare, 1880-1970

1972

This work is a study of the various concepts and theories of myth and ritual as they are found in some non-literary disciplines, especially anthropology, in literary theory, and in the criticism of Shakespeare.

Developing English Language Teaching Metaphorical Associative Cards (ELTMAC):Complete Report, 3rd Draft

2018

This is a report on action research that developed story cards and supporting games for ELT based on Jungian archetypes and the journey, and empirical research that demonstrates significant improvement (5.4%) in narrative writing against a control group taught through only textbook and PowerPoint. This improvement may be due to how ELTMAC games can benefit English language learning: This research seems to corroborate Jungian researchers who have found improved language memory in tests with metaphorical associative cards derived from the Archetypal Symbol Inventory. The cards are easily scalable to learner level; with vocabulary profiling against a corpus linguistics BNC-COCA database, the 59 cards can be named with the most common (<2000) English words. Recent fMRI studies support Jung’s claim that archetypes are neurological structures and are universal worldwide; ELTMAC therefore transcends intercultural boundaries and accesses the brain on the level of language formation. The cards are based on fairytale, i.e., European folklore; both English and fairytales originate in the Bronze Age Indo-European dispersal, so the game affects a Whorfian synergy that imparts cultural competence. Story helps us understand ourselves; hence ELTMAC games aid development of L2 identity. Fairytale confronts the realities of life, so the games allow for authenticity and meaningfulness to reemerge in ELT classrooms where commercial or social-political forces have censored it. And, narrative story card games are highly adaptable, with broad use for teaching of skills and language forms. What analytical psychology might contribute to TESOL has to date been little investigated; this research seems to show Jungian approaches have some usefulness for the field and suggests avenues for future development.

Archetypal Criticism: A Brief study of the Discipline and the Sempiternal Relevance of its Pioneers

International Journal of English and Social Sciences , 2021

Northrop Frye was a Canadian literary critic and theorist. He was born on 14th July,1912 in Sherbrooke in Quebec, Canada. Harold Bloom called him a "Miltonic figure" (qtd. By Bloom in an interview) of literary criticism for his exemplary and original contributions to the field of literary criticism. Frye was educated at the University of Toronto where he was a theology and philosophy major. He then did his postgraduate degree in English at Merton College, Oxford. In 1939 he returned to Canada and started teaching at Victoria College, University of Toronto where he spent the rest of his literary career. Northrop Frye is viewed as a pioneering critic of archetypal criticism. His first book The Fearful Symmetry: A Study of William Blake written in 1947 was a highly original study of Blake's poetry and is considered a seminal critical work. He shot to international fame with the publication of his book titled The Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays written in 1957 "which redirected American literary theory away from the close reading of New Criticism and towards the larger meanings of literary genres, modes and archetypes." (Drabble 386). Regardless of the critical evaluation, he stressed on a value-free science of criticism. Frye in most of his works elaborate a comprehensive map of the literary universe in a schematic series of classifications. He has written over twenty books on various subjects including culture, myth, social thought and archetypal theory. His famous works include The Fables of Identity: Studies in Poetic Mythology, Secular Scripture, The Great Code: The Bible and Literature, Spiritus Mundi, The Well-Tempered Critic and Northrop Frye on Shakespeare. Frye was a polymath who had extensive knowledge on various subjects such as western culture, archetypal criticism, religion, anthropology et cetera. The Fables of Identity: Studies in Poetic Mythology, published in 1963 is the collection from which the essay "The Archetypes of Literature" is taken. It was originally published in The Kenyon Review in 1951. Frye analyses literature with respect to various rituals and myths. He drew inspiration from many sources including the Bible, Blake's prophetic books, Oswald Spengler, Sigmund Freud and James George Frazer. But the main source of influence was the Swiss psychologist Carl Jung. Frye was immensely influenced by his account of the collective unconscious. But ironically Frye objected to being called a Jungian critic because he said that the literary critics should be concerned only with the ritual or dream patterns and need not concern themselves with how the symbols actually got there.

Automotive apotheosis: an exploration of promotional culture as contemporary mythology

2011

This thesis proposes that contemporary promotional culture is the mythology of today. This hypothesis was first put forth by Marshall McLuhan in his 1951 book, The Mechanical Bride: Folklore of Industrial Man, where he astutely observed that myth and poetry have been effectively colonized by promotional culture. Although it has been mainly overlooked by the academic community, this book is a cornerstone of the field of popular culture and mass media. In it, McLuhan was one of the first scholars to detect that folklore of industrial society is determined, not by education or religion, but by the mass media (McLuhan 1951). Over the decades, many scholars from various academic fields have observed the same trends, concluding that the myth-making faculty is thriving in contemporary society, and situating the strongest mythopoeic forces in worlds of entertainment and promotional culture. Nevertheless, these notions have not been sufficiently explored.

The Sign of Jonah: Initiatory Symbolism in Biblical Mythopoetics

Coreopsis: Journal of Myth and Theatre, 2017

This paper examines archetypal, initiatory symbolism in interconnected Biblical narratives, the Old Testament story of Jonah and the Fish (or Whale) and the apocryphal story known as the Harrowing of Hell, a metaphorical relationship alluded to in Jesus Christ’s cryptic reference to the “sign of Jonah.” An amplification of the imagery indicates the symbolic identity of these two mythico-ritual, structural motifs and relates the imagery in both stories to widely distributed primordial rebirth symbolism common to aboriginal people across the world. The interpretive framework for this literary analysis is grounded in a cross-cultural, trans-medial, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary perspective derived from the psychological criticism of Carl G. Jung and scholars influenced by Jung’s archetypal theories, including Joseph Campbell (comparative mythology/literary mythology), Mircea Eliade (history of religions), Northrop Frye (archetypal literary criticism), and others. The study contributes to an interdisciplinary hermeneutic of archetypal, mythico-ritual imagery found in dreams, fairy tales, and religious myths and rituals, as well as literary and film narratives. Keywords: literary analysis, hermeneutics, myth-criticism, mythopoeic, mythopoetic, archetypes, amplification, theology, mythology, initiation, rebirth, monomyth, night-sea journey, individuation

Reconstructing the 'Other': Revisionary Mythmaking in Divakaruni's Sister of My Heart

2014

In The Resisting Reader : A Feminist approach to American Literature , Judith Fetterley emphasizes the need to resist the male bias and othering tendencies in the American male literary canon. She implores women to &quot;be a resisting reader rather than an assenting reader&quot;. She advocates a revisionary re-reading of texts to expose the androcentric ideology embedded in the works of male writers. Hence many women writers across the globe have undertaken to re-read and rewrite myths and fairy tales which (according to feminists) serve to perpetuate and promote an assymetrical relationship between men and women. The strategy of re-ideologizing has been successfully employed by a host of post-modern and post-colonial writers including Margaret Atwood , Marina Warner , Ann Sexton and Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni. This paper seeks to examine how the revisionary framework in Divakaruni&#39;s Sister of My Heart helps to foreground a reality so far ignored by male hegemony. Divakaruni&#3...

TITLE PAGE DYADIC REPRESENTATION OF MYTHIC STRUCTURES IN CHIMAMANDA

This study isolates myth as one of the structural principles of literature. The mythic structures are perceived in dyadic figuration: the quest myth and the myth of the year god. The archetypal critical approach to the analysis of the characters in this study reveals that each character responds to a kind of cosmic phenomenon which has the capacity to produce in the observer flashes of instantaneous comprehensions. In Ifemelu, the observer is struck with the image of Aphrodite Pandemos; to Obinze, it is an unquenchable taste like that of Tantalus; and Aunty Uju is observed under the influence of the Fortune god. The manifestations of the dyadic myth explored in this project and the production of these flashes of insights clearly demonstrate the autonomy of Adichie’s world, while revealing, at the same time, primal categories of thoughts, beliefs, behavioural patterns and practices which exist and predate even the period of the gods. These patterns and images are older than mankind, and they have been there from prehistoric times. The socio-cultural exigencies that have prompted the writing of this novel; the embodiment in it of trans-cultural forms is an eloquent expression of the common humanity of all people. Therefore, the success of Adichie’s narrative oeuvre lies largely in its regional socio-cultural attestation and in its appeal to the literary tradition.

Joseph Campbell's 'New Mythology' and the Rise of Mythopoeic Fantasy

The AnaChronisT, 2008

If the twentieth century witnessed a &quot;rehabilitation of myth&quot; in literary studies, the upsurge of interest in mythic systems with their ideologies, worldviews, and functional modes is rightly attributed to the work of C. G. Jung, Mircea Eliade, Northrop Frye, and Joseph Campbell. Behind their thousand faces, those thinkers argued, myths carry one message, which reflects the psychic unity of humankind. And because we are becoming more conscious of this unity, we face the need to &quot;tell ourselves&quot; anew and imagine a new mythology apposite to the modern situation. In The Inner Reaches of Outer Space, Joseph Campbell presents this new mythology as one of the whole human race; saying it is relevant to our present knowledge, already implicit among humans as intuitive knowledge, and will be realized in and through art. These postulates are met in and chronologically overlap with the emergence of modern mythopoeic fantasy in Tolkien, Lewis, L&#39;Engle, Le Guin, Alexander...

There and Back Again (Part I): Transformational Imagery in Peter Jacksons Film Trilogy Lord of the Rings

In this study, J. R. R. Tolkien's epic, tripartite mythopoeic novel, The Lord of the Rings, is examined through the lens of the story's cinematic adaptation by Oscar-winning filmmaker Peter Jackson. The study emphasizes the underlying symbolic grammar of archetypal imagery in the Quest with special attention given to initiatory death-rebirth imagery in the transformational journey of the narrative's main protagonist, the hobbit-hero Frodo Baggins. This iconographic imagery in Tolkien's fictional tale is interpreted as a locus of psychological meaning, viewed as an example of the "rebirth archetype" (or "archetype of transformation") discovered by depth psychologist Carl G. Jung and interdisciplinary scholars influenced by Jung (e.g., Mircea

The superhero in the heroic tradition

Discusses the serialized superhero in the context of the cultural, literary tradition of the hero.

Robert Coover: The Metaphysics of Bondage

Archetypal Literacy for Intercultural Communication: From Noh to Anime and Beyond (2018)

In Rhetoric, Metaphor, Discourse: Language and Culture Research Project 2017, ed. H. Watanabe, Osaka University Graduate School of Language and Culture, pp. 109-117

Harry Potter's Archetypal Journey

Heroism in the Harry Potter Series, 2011

This chapter explores the narrative structure underlying J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter heptalogy, suggesting that it follows the model of the monomyth or hero's journey not only as a basic pattern for the whole story line, but also for each individual volume. Drawing on Joseph Campbell's The Hero with a Thousand Faces and Carl Gustav Jung's psychological archetypes, this archaic narrative has been recognised as one of the major plots in literature. According to archetypal and myth theory, these narrative patterns are part of our collective unconscious and can be observed at any time in any culture, mirroring basic human experiences. Rowling applies the hero's journey without being formulaic, but she remains true to its original form, the cycle of separation, initiation and return, while her characters take on the roles of different Jungian archetypes during the individual volumes, allowing them to develop into fully faceted personalities within the space of seven books. The article traces the eight stations of the monomyth in Harry's journey from childhood to adulthood, from chosen child to the hero of his own story, and it points out which archetypal roles the characters take on, arguing that the structure of the novels is more complex than they are sometimes given credit for.

The Secular Scripture: A Study of the Structure of Romance

Journal of American Folklore, 1979

The Contemporary Lives of Age-Old Tales

Libri et liberi

Aligned with the sociocultural nature of traditional tales and other folk literature of the Western world, this study examines three picturebooks to consider the significance of contemporary retellings of traditional tales. A critical content analysis approach to text and images employs select tenets of a particular theory for each book inclusive of childism, post-colonial, and archetype theories. The findings relate each book to current sociocultural issues: the agentic child in building community; colonial and post-colonial understandings; and identity, stereotypes, and archetypes. Additionally, environmental themes are woven through each. The findings support the ongoing significance of these living folktales for personal and community development as they connect intertextually across eras and national cultures.